9,88 : François De Guise, coming from Italy, reconquers Calais, through a meticulous military operation, January 6, 1558.

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7,2 : Diane De Poitiers, notorious mistress of the Henri king II of France. The colors of the gorgeous Diane - the black and the white - proudly worn by the monarch. The death of the celebrated concubine, April 25 1566. The second  war of Religion (1567-1568).

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4,74 : The proliferation of Calvinism in France. The first Religion war and its conclusion (1562). The Aquitaine country to be the looser of this first confrontation.

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Flemish Massacre close to St-Quentin (1561 or 1566)

9,40 : Massacres of Flemish's close to St-Quentin, after their mutiny, to the North of the border, in 1566, or after a vague of religious iconoclasm, in France, in 1561.

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Ronsard, poet to the France Court

5,31 : Pierre de Ronsard and his huge popularity in the XVIth Century. His eviction as poet from the Court under Henri III. The oblivion of his work until the XIX th.  Century.

Centurie 5 Quatrain 31

 

6,8 : Ronsard, poet to the France Court under the reigns of Henri II, of François II and of Charles IX. His decline Under Henri III and the total oblivion to which he was confined. The tragic end of his colleagues of the same literary school.

Centurie 6 Quatrain 8

 

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Antoine of Bourbon betrays its coreligious peers (1562)

4,88 : Antoine of Bourbon betrays his reformists co-religious peers because of a tempting offer from the Vatican that would have granted him the kingdom Of Sardinia. Catherine of Medicis, confronted by his submission, named him lieutenant General of the kingdom. The end of the controversial character during the Siege of Rouen (November 19th, 1562).

Centurie 4 Quatrain 88

 

6,60 : Antoine of Bourbon, lieutenant general of the kingdom of France (1561). The Siege of Rouen and the brutal end of the character. Rouen and LaRochelle, Protestant dominated cities, see Britain interpose itself to counter the growth of calvinism.

Centurie 6 Quatrain 60

 

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The first war of Religion (1562)

4,76 : The first war of Religion (1562). Its ravaging in the southwest of the France. The rival factions in presence and the massacre of Cahors (19 November 1561).

Centurie 4 Quatrain 76

 

7,1 : France understands the strategic importance of Provence at the very beginning of the wars of Religion. The body of a Protestant, Richard, sieur of Mauvans, hung and exhibited on the public place of d'Aix. The processes ordered by the king, in this province, between 1560 and 1564.

Centurie 7 Quatrain 1

 

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The misfortunes of the marquis of Pescara (1566)

8,31 : The misfortunes of the marquis of Pescara in Italy. His reputation as prestigious warrior tainted by the dark acts of the duke of d'Albe (1566). His nomination as vice king of Sicily by the emperor some years later.

Centurie 8 Quatrain 31

 

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The duke D'Albe in Holland  (1566)

6,83 : The duke of Albe dispatched in the Netherlands (1566} in order to subdue the Protestants. Idolized by the crowd when they enter in Belgium, the imperial troops quickly generate contempt. The numerous executions raise the anger of the population.

Centurie 6 Quatrain 83

 

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The Catholics lose in Béarn (1569)

8,1 : The third war of Religion brings the Royal troops at the doors of Bearn. The Catholics are defeated by the survivors of Jarnac, then led  by Montgomery (1569).

Centurie 8 Quatrain 1

 

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Campaign of Coligny in the Languedoc (1569-1570)

9,63 : Coligny makes a huge campaign in the Languedoc after the death of Condé in Jarnac in 1569. The wars of  religion succeed one another after this third war of religion.

 

10,5 : The alliances between Albi and Castres after the death of Condé at Jarnac in March 1569, a huge campaign in the Languedoc in October 1570, after a new Religious peace attempt August 20, at St-Germain.

Centurie 10 Quatrain 5

 

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Tidal wave devastates The Hague in Holland (1570)

9,48 : The tidal wave that devastated the harbor of Hague and the whole of Holland, immersing all the Jutland country up on November 1570, taking thousands to their death. The reconstruction, during winter and the following spring, in the extreme conditions brought by the destruction of all the dykes, dams of the country.

Centurie 9 Quatrain 48

 

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The naval battle of Lepanto (1571) 

6,75 : The imposing career of Don Juan of Austria, natural son of emperor Charles Quint. The naval victory of Lepanto over the Moslem Turks. His nomination as general governor to the Netherlands. The end of this imposing character in 1578.

Centurie 6 Quatrain 75

 

7,26: The seven admirals vessels that comprised the navy of the Holy Ligue, at the time of the battle of Lépanto (1571). Don Juan of Austria injured in the fight and two of the vessels heavily damaged.  

Centurie 7 Quatrain 26

 

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The wedding of Marguerite of Valois (1572)

7,9: The marriage of Marguerite of Valois to Henri of Navarre. Characterized infidelity of the two spouses. Secret loves of the beautiful Margot with the duke Henri de Guise, principal enemy of the Navarrois, at the time of the wars of Religion. 

Centurie 7 Quatrain 9

 

10,19 The history of Marguerite of Valois from very shy she was, to become proud princess at the side of the queen in the Court, before becoming queen in turn.

Centurie 10 Quatrain 19

 

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The Saint-Barthelemy massacre and the death of Pius V (1572)

2,41 : The supernova of 1572, the death of the pope Pius V and the massacre of the Saint-Barthélemy, August 24th of this same Year.

Centurie 2 Quatrain 41

 

4,47 : France Charles IX, the Religion wars, and the massacre of the Saint-Barthélemy (August 24 1572). The Protestant leaders eliminated everywhere throughout the country.

Centurie 4 Quatrain 47

 

5,97 : The sad end of Charles IX of France and the revocation the Edict of Saint-German-in-Laye. The massacre of the Saint Barthelemy provokes deep remorse's to the king (1572-1574).

Centurie 5 Quatrain 97

 

7,16 : The peace of Saint Germain (1570) puts a term to the third war of Religion. The truce imposes specific limits around Paris to the Protestants. The three Protestant leaders - Condé, Navarre & Coligny - submit themselves. Catherine of Medicis prepares the Saint-Barthélemy (24 August 1572).

Centurie 7 Quatrain 16

 

9,81 : The trick of the king in the organization of the massacre of the Saint Barthelemy, August 24 1572.

Centurie 8 Quatrain 81

 

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The assassination of the admiral of Coligny (1572)

4,10: The assassination of the admiral of Coligny (24 August l572) and the renunciation of Henri of Navarre (future Henri IV of France). The long interval between his anointing and the death of his predecessor.

Centurie 4 Quatrain 10

 

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The execution of Gabriel of Montgomery (1574), involuntary culprit of the death of Henri II

3,16: Gabriel of Montgomery, involuntarily responsible for the fate of the French king Henri II. His execution in 1574.

Centurie 3 Quatrain 16

 

3,30: The execution of the Gabriel, count of Montgomery (1574), responsible for Henri II of France's death.

Centurie 3 Quatrain 30

 

8,58 : The military career of Gabriel, count of Montgomery. His switch of allegiance to the British Crown. The conflict between Henri III and his Alençon brother, eloquent symbol of the Division of France at the time of the first war of Religion. The capture of Montgomery, May 27, 1574.

Centurie 8 Quatrain 58

 

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The accession of Henri III to the throne of France (1574)

4,87: Henri III succeeds to his brother Charles IX on the Throne of France (1574). The erudition of the monarch and his different manner of directing the fate of the State. The role of his in-laws (de Guise)  in the assassination of Coligny, and in the massacre of the Saint-Barthelemy.

Centurie 4 Quatrain 87

 

6,94 : The curious vestimentary habits in the court of Henri III. The fashionable intrigue games in the entourage of the king. The defeat of invincible Spanish Armada September 15, 1588, a year before the assassination last of the Valois.

Centurie 6 Quatrain 94

 

10,34 : Henri II, and his brother in-law future Henri III who betrays France by allying with Spain. Due to this alliance, he wins the St-Quentin battle on the French, in 1557. The war stops with the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis.

Centurie 10 Quatrain 34

 

 

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Battle of the three kings (1578)

9,97 : Battle of the three kings, August 4 1578, that will see the confrontation of D'Alger Bey and Al-Malik Abd, Morocco, which allies with the king of Portugal. The three kings will confront each other at Bekir El Ksar. Portugal is overcame and the battle to death will continue between the two Moslem factions, until the victory of the Moroccans, that will have previously inflicted a first time breach in the Algerian forces.

Centurie 9 Quatrain 97

 

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The fight between Henri III and his brother François (1575-1584)

3,98 : The wars of Religion under Henri III. The open fight between the king and his brother François. Several France cities change masters. The death of François in 1584.

Centurie 3 Quatrain 98

 

4,72 : The death of the duke of Anjou, in 1584, provoke a new war of Religion as Henri of Navarre, a Protestant, becomes the legitimate successor to the throne of France.

Centurie 4 Quatrain 72

 

 

7,11 : The disgraceful character of the last of the sons of Catherine Of Medicis (d'Alençon Hercule). The marriage project of this unworthy offspring to Elisabeth 1st of of England compromised by his fiasco in the Netherlands (1583).

Centurie 7 Quatrain 11

 

10,52 : Hercule, the son of Catherine of Medicis, who looked for an advantageous marriage on the side of England for him on account of the fact that Elizabeth 1st had not had taken a spouse yet. January 17 1583, he commits nevertheless a capital  error while investing the cities of Gand, of Bruges and Anvers. Learning his ruin, from England, Elisabeth will let him know her Final refusal, to her great relief.

Centurie 10 Quatrain 52

 

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Henri IV yields to Catherine of Medicis (1585)

10,45 : Evocation of the Edict of Nemours in 1585, when the king of Navarre must yield to Catherine of Medicis, and evocation of the renewal of the treaty of Chambray by the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis.

Centurie 10 Quatrain 45

 

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The assassination of duke Henri De Guise and of his brother the cardinal (1588)

1,85 : Henri III, Catherine of Medicis, the assassination of De Guises (1588) or Henri III and the death of its brothers François II and Charles IX.

Centurie 1 Quatrain 85

 

2,55 : France's Henri III, Catherine De Medicis and the political assassination of the De Guise (1588).

Centurie 2 Quatrain 55

 

3,51: The plot aiming the assassination of the leader of Ligue, Henri de Guise, after its continuous pressures on Henri III to refuse to designate Savoy Henri of Navarre as apparent heir to the throne (1588).

Centurie 3 Quatrain 51

 

 

3,55 : The assassination of duke De Guises, December 23 1588, at the hands of the faithful Gascons of the guard of the king Henri III. Interrogation remains as to who of Henri III or of his mother Catherine of Medicis had ordered this crime.

( NB According to some other Nostradamus' texts and Chavigny texts this would be about Henri II's death ) 

Centurie 3 Quatrain 55

 

4,60 The assassinations of duke De Guise, of his brother the cardinal, and of Henri III of France (1588-1589). The role played by Catherine of Medicis in the planning of the two first ones.

Centurie 4 Quatrain 60

 

5,9: The assassination of duke Henri De guise by France Henri III, in December 1588. The disappearance of the arch of Glanum, an antiquity that celebrated Saint-Rémy-of-Provence, at the end of the XVIth Century.

Centurie 5 Quatrain 9

   

Centurie 5 Quatrain 10

 

8,18 : The reign of the three sons of Catherine of Medicis. The unlimited ambition of de Guise provokes the wars of Religion, during the second half of the XVIth  century. The role of the Florentine women in the assassination of De Guise, in December 1588.

 

9,86 : The Day of the Barricades of May 12, 1588, preceded by the troops Henri De Guise that were returning to Blois with him and the elimination of De Guise, followed by the subsequent assassination of Henri III, and then the triumph of Henri IV and of his family with his glorious entry in Paris closed.

 

Henri III and the queen Margot (1574-1589)

8,25 : The love liaison of Marguerite of Valois with the duke Henri de Savoy ignites the jealousy of the future Henri III. The assassination of the duke and of his brother the cardinal ordered by the king, a fine day of the end of December 1588.

 

1,78: Henri III of France and his sister Marguerite (1574-1589).

 

Calvinism and its growth in France

5,12 : Invasion of the ideas of Luther and Calvin in Germany, in Geneva, then in France, at the beginning of the second half of the XVI th Century. The role of the Augsbourg cities and of Geneva in the diffusion of the Reformation.

 

The wars of Religion (1562-1588)

1,79 : The religion wars in France (1562-1588).

 

4,40 : The Reformation in France and the wars of Religion (1562-1598). The Protestant slaughtered in the name of politics.

 

4,44 : The wars of Religion in France. The relents of the Saint-Barthélemy (24 August 1572) in the Southwest of the country and in the South. The city of Bordeaux harshly hit.

 

4,79 : The wars of Religion at the end of the XVI' Century. Navarre and Bigorre undergo some the greatest consequences. The famine that resulted from this in 1598 and the unprecedented inflation which hit the entire country of France.

 

5,89 : The wars of Religion in France. The expansion of Calvinism in Hungary, in Bohemia and in Navarre. Events of the second half of the XVI th century.

 

5,96 : The wars of Religion in France (1562-1598). The poet Ronsard nicknamed "Rose of the world". The arrival of Henri IV on the political scene, first monarch of the dynasty of Bourbons.

 

6,29 : The reigns of François II and Charles IX of France, darkened by the first war of Religion. The imposing presence of their mother in the matters of the kingdom. Massacre of the Saint-Barthelemy (1572).

 

The persecutions exercised against astronomers

4,18 : The persecutions undertaken against of the astronomers towards the end of the second half of the XVIth century and beginning of the XVIIth. The forerunners, Copernicus, de Cusa, Bruno and Galilee, tracked down by the Inquisition.

 

4,25 : The discovery of Astrophysics in the XVIth century, great factor of the materialism and the notorious loss of  fervor towards the Catholic religion.

 

8,71 : The progress of the modern astronomy at the end of the XVIth Century shake the secular positions of the Church of Rome. The censorship exercised by the Vatican against the published works. The condemnation to death of the philosopher and astronomer Bruno Giordano, in 1600.

 

The conquest of the invincible armada (1588)

10,2 : The defeat that experienced the invincible Armada September 15, 1588.

 

The assassination of Henri III by Jacques Clement and the extinction of the dynasty of the Valois (1589)

1,10 : Extinction of the dynasty of the Valois (1589).

 

2,9 : France Henri III, pacificator between the years 1576-1584. His assassination (1589) by the monk Jacques Clement.

 

6,11 : The extinction of the dynasty of the Valois. The fight for power between Henri III and his brother, the duke of Alençon. The wars of Religion that marked France during the course of the reigns of the last elements of the family.

 

6,63 : The death of the Henri II, king of  France, and the regency exercised by Catherine of Medicis under the successive reigns of François II and of Charles IX. The seven years mourning that she imposed herself after the disappearance of Henri (1559-1566).

 

10,18 : Two great ones disappear: Catherine of Medicis and King Henri III. She will die  January 5 1589. Henri III was assassinated few months later, August 2nd, leaving the throne to Henri who would become king Henri I of Navarre (Henri IV), of whom, the son, was the Duke of Vendôme. Three weeks later, in Rome, Sixte Quint died, and the Roman Urban VII then took his place, but did not live over 13 days of his pontificate. Then came the Milanese Gregoire XIV, whom the magus calls son of Jupiter because of his forcefulness to defend the Church (he raised and led an army against France).

 

Carcassonne during the times of the wars of Religion (1590)

1,5 : The wars of religion in France (1590) or event to come (persecutions in Carcassonne).

 

3,85 : The wars of religion in Carcassonne. The Capture of the City by the Ligue in July 1590. The duke Anne de Joyeuse and his death at the battle of Coutras (1587).

 

8,67 : The French cities of Paris and of divided Carcassonne faced with the accession of Henri of Navarre to the crown of France (1588-1590). The intervention of the Spanish armies of the duke of Parma (Alexander Famèse) to liberate Paris, July 1590. His  triumphant entry in Paris, October 7, and the unconditional support of the main Italian families in his enterprise.

 

Henri IV and the difficult beginnings of his reign (1589-1590)

1,99 : Henri IV and the difficult beginnings of his reign (1589-1590)

 

5,41 : The unforeseen advent of d'Henri IV on the throne of France. The antique blood of the noble family of Bourbons. The care that brought the new monarch for the improvement of the finances of the State in the beginning of the XVII^thcentury.

 

6,23 : The France Catholics protest the crowning of Henri IV. The city of Paris, supported by the Spain, denies him his rights to the throne. The king constrained to besiege the capital (1590) and the sufferings then endured by the population.

 

6,96 : The initial refusal of Paris to accept Henri of Navarre. The besieged City by the troops of the monarch. The Spaniards called to the rescue of the resistant. The numerous victims in the starving city (1590-1591).

 

7,17 : The deep respect of Henri IV for his subjects, shown during of the siege of Paris (1590). The erudition of the monarch. Sully and someone named Laffemas at the most important ministries, in 1595. Sully is strongly criticized after the imposition of the "pancarte".

 

7,25 : The unending wars endured by France during the XVI^th Century. The country then has more soldiers than farmers and craftsmen together. The technical bankruptcy of the state at the advent of Henri IV.

 

10,41 : Anointment of Henri IV (1594). Cahors corresponds to the site of an important victory of Henri of Navarre on the Catholics (29 May 1580). Crowning of Henri IV (1594), and joy demonstrations in the regions that helped him, from Caussade and Villefranche, to the northeast, Past Caylus, Villefranche of Rouergue.

 

Papal Elections (1590 and 1592)

8,69 : The election to the papacy of Gregory XIV in front of an older rival, December 5, 1590. The accession of the evinced cardinal on the throne of St-Peter less than a year later. The advent two months later, of Clement VIII.

 

The treason of the duke of Mercoeur (1592)

9,59 : Probable intervention of Louise of Lorraine in the attribution of the title of his brother named governor of Brittany in 1582, and the attempt of this later one to give to the Bretons their total independence with the help of the Spaniards in March 1592, for which these would have kept the Burgundy duchy occupied since December 1588 in exchange for their collaboration if the enterprise had succeeded.

 

Henri IV and freedom of religion (1595)

2,12 : Henri IV, the great Monarch of the French. The expulsion of the Jesuits from France (1595) and religious freedom granted during the course of his reign.

 

Marseille and the wars of Religion (1596)

3,88 : The refusal of Marseille to recognize Henri IV as the king of France. Casaulx, leader of the city, betrays his fellow citizens by favoring a Spanish invasion. The end of the felon, February 17, 1596.

 

The death of the corsair Francis Drake (1596)

1,77 : The corsair Francis Drake and Gibraltar, his death (1596).

 

The Edict of Nantes (1598)

7,12 : Henri IV and his final solution to the Religion wars. The great pardon granted to all the proponents at the Promulgation of the Edict of Nantes (13 April 1598).

 

10,26 : The succession of Henri III to Henri IV. The Edict of Nantes and the defeat of the duke of Mercoeur in Brittany that brought the decision to capitulate by the Ligue and the capture of of Amiens upon their return, and the one to negotiate Spain to Vervins May 2 1598.

 

Henri IV repudiating his wife, Marguerite of Valois (1599)

4,57 : Marguerite of Valois, the unfaithful spouse of of Henri IV of France. The nullification of his marriage in 1599. The king reacts harshly against the manuscript of the Jesuits by ordering the expulsion of the community from the kingdom.

 

9,87 : By putting away his wife, Queen Margot, in hermitage, the king got divorce from Clement VIII, and is an example of his influence on religion. He would then marry Mary of Medicis, December 16, 1600.

 

10,17 : Marguerite of Valois, that had married Henri IV in 1572, at the time of the massacre of the St-Bathelemy, was in discord with him. And many adulteries ended up dividing the couple. She was put away, by him, as early as 1587, to the Château of Usson in Auvergne and was disinherited by the queen mother. And after the death of Catherine of Medicis, his marriage was nullified and then Henri IV married Marie de Medicis.

 

7,20 : Political enterprises by the Vatican, between april 1599 & april 1600, to convince Henri IV to marry the Catholic Marie de Medicis. The main part played by the Cardinal de Gondi in the negotiations.

 

The destiny of the whole De Guise family

7,24 : The main house of Lorraine, holder of the title of de Pont marquisate, and of the duchies of de Bar and de Guise. The famous members of the family during of the XVIth Century. Its decline towards the XVIIth.

 

England, maritime superpower during 300 years

10,100 : To the great  annoyment of the Portuguese England gets to be a great empire during over three hundred years, sending its manpower in its colonies everywhere all over the world.

 

End of the 16th Century

--------GOTO the 17th Century--->